Gold Chloride, also known by its CAS number 16961-25-4, is an inorganic compound with the formula AuCl₃. It is a highly valuable chemical in various scientific, industrial, and technological applications due to its unique properties, particularly its ability to participate in redox reactions and coordinate with a variety of ligands.
Chemical Identity
– Chemical Name: Gold(III) chloride
– CAS Number: 16961-25-4
– Molecular Formula: AuCl₃
– Molar Mass: 303.32 g/mol
– Appearance: Dark red to purple crystalline solid
– Solubility: Soluble in water and organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone
Key Properties
– Oxidation State: +3 (Gold in AuCl₃ is in the +3 oxidation state)
– Hygroscopic: Readily absorbs moisture from the air
– Decomposes on Heating: At elevated temperatures, it may decompose into elemental gold and chlorine gas
– Reactivity: Acts as a Lewis acid and participates in catalytic and coordination chemistry
Industrial and Scientific Applications
1. Catalysis
Gold chloride is used as a homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst in organic synthesis and chemical research. It is particularly effective in facilitating alkyne activation, hydroamination, and oxidative coupling reactions.
2. Electronics and Nanotechnology
Gold chloride is utilized in the preparation of gold nanoparticles, which are employed in:
– Biosensors
– Photonic devices
– Medical diagnostics
– Conductive inks and pastes for printed electronics
3. Analytical Chemistry
In analytical laboratories, AuCl₃ is used as a reagent for detecting and analyzing specific compounds, often through colorimetric and spectroscopic methods.
4. Surface Treatment and Metallization
Gold chloride is applied in electroplating and gilding, where a thin layer of gold is deposited onto metal, ceramic, or polymer substrates to enhance electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance.
5. Material Science
Researchers use AuCl₃ to modify surfaces, study metal-ligand interactions, and develop gold-based thin films for optical and electronic devices.
Handling and Safety
While Gold Chloride is a valuable material, it must be handled with care:
– Corrosive: Can cause severe burns to skin and eyes on contact
– Toxic by Inhalation and Ingestion: Inhalation of vapors or dust can cause respiratory irritation
– Environmental Hazard: Avoid release into the environment; harmful to aquatic life
– Storage: Keep in a tightly sealed container, away from moisture and incompatible materials (e.g., strong reducing agents)
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Gloves, goggles, lab coat, and fume hood usage are recommended when handling.
Disposal Considerations
Gold chloride should be disposed of in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations. Avoid disposal into sewage systems or regular waste. Utilize a certified hazardous waste disposal service.
Summary
Gold Chloride (CAS: 16961-25-4) is a powerful and versatile compound used in diverse high-tech and scientific fields. From catalysis and nanotechnology to electronics and surface treatments, its importance continues to grow as innovation pushes forward. However, due to its hazardous nature, strict adherence to safety and environmental protocols is essential.
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